Application of biomarkers as a tool for assessment of contamination in fish farm effluents.

Abstract

The man entered the room a wide range of chemicals that are not naturally occurring. For this reason there are many stress factors such as contamination from productive activities that can have cumulative and synergistic effects on the environment.In the rivers ofthe reasons of environmental degradation of aquatic systems is the result of the expansion of fish farms,since their effluents are considered as a potential contributor of physics as chemical alteration of water resources;nutrient enrichment in receiving water bodies, the subsequent eutrophication, changes in the drift of benthic communities and environmental status disturbed as found in publications worldwide. 's and many environmental pollutants (or its metabolites) have shown exert toxic effects at sub -lethal levels, related to a process called oxidative stress. One way to assess the effects of discharges from fish farming as food waste , drugs ( anesthetics , antibiotics , antiparasitic ) , is through the use of biomarkers in benthic communities , more specifically determine the oxidative stress caused by effluent discharges by enzymatic assays to measure the main body's antioxidant defenses such as catalase (CAT ) , guaiacol peroxidase (POD ) and glutathione reductase ( Gpx ) , estimating the biological consequences of this type of contamination by intracellular reactions of benthic organisms belonging to the oxidizing enzyme system . Setting a new methodological approach todetermine the responses of organisms to stressors facing organizations to promote the implementation of comprehensive biomarkers of effect as a tool for assessing the status of ecosystem health, providing a diagnostic tool grade environmental impact caused by the effluents of fish farms.