Climate change and adaptive strategies in Sikkim Himalaya, India.

Abstract

The 6th IPCC Report highlights the warming of the climate system unequivocally, attributed mainly to anthropogenic activities including the Indian Himalayas. Reports and studies suggest climatic variations were and are impacting biodiversity and the people of the entire Himalayan region, including Sikkim Himalaya. The indigenous people are impacted to a great extent, leading them to change their way of life vis-à-vis adapting to climate realities. Still, there is a dearth of information on the impacts or the response of the communities, who have a wealth of information in the form of indigenous local knowledge based on their observations, perceptions, experience and practices for ages. This present study would look into the primary challenges of farmers for ensuing adaptive capacity and achieving resilience for future vulnerabilities. A household survey was conducted from 2017 to 2019 of 110 respondents above 40 years of age from various pockets of Rangit Basin. It provided numerous insights into local concerns and challenges. It was found that the region is experiencing climate change, with signs of impacts on forested areas nearby, water bodies and the agricultural eco-system. The agrarian system is facing challenges of declining yield, water scarcity and climate-induced migration. They have been adapting to the change and are still in the process based on their traditional knowledge. It was found that indigenous communities had much to offer on the discourse on and actions combating climate change. It was suggested that to overcome climatic challenges and local perceptions, adaptive strategies must be documented which is inclusive of the local practices for ages along with culture and beliefs to combat climate change.