AMR prevalence in Indian Rivers and the hitherto health risk assessments -An overview.

Abstract

The advancement in antibiotic chemotherapy and related drugs led to the development of antimicrobial resistant microbes (AMR) in the environment. Recent studies show that AMR is one of the major challenging threats to the modern world. India has been referred to as ‘the AMR capital of the world. India ranks among the highest antibiotics consumers for human use and faces immense water pollution, highlighting the relevance of AMR studies. The present paper summarises the major AMR studies in Indian rivers. The surveillance and health risk assessment are essential in the Indian scenario. Lack of proper sewage-water treatment plants, less extensive monitoring facilities, and lack of public awareness are major factors that trigger the adverse effects of AMR concerns in India. Advance technologies (in monitoring and treatments) and adequate studies such as health risk assessment alleviate AMR concerns.