Avalanche disaster in India, mitigation and their impacts

Abstract

Avalanche is a natural disaster. It is caused by the melting and sliding of snow from the mountains. The main causes of avalanche disasters are heavy sunlight, human activity, natural, vibration or movement, snowflakes, steep slopes, and temperature. The types of avalanches are slab, loose snow, powder, gliding, and wet avalanches. The avalanche is divided into three zones Red, Blue, and Yellow Zones. Avalanche in India came in Chamoli, Uttarakhand in 2021, Gurez Sector in 2017, Lahaul Valley, Lahaul, and Spiti in 1979. The avalanche-affected areas of India are Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, etc. Avalanches cause damage to humans, animals, roads, electric wires, cars, plants, etc. In this review, the causes, types, area, damage, and mitigation, etc. of avalanche disasters have been discussed in detail.